Tracing
Polar’s tracing support prints logs of how a query is evaluated. It is available in both INFO and TRACE level outputs.
Enabling INFO output
INFO traces are viewed by setting the environment variable: POLAR_LOG=info. The INFO output is a more concise subset of TRACE and is intended to by used by those developing and debugging polar policies in their local environment.
It will print out [oso][info] messages for many notable points of the query execution, for example:
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Queries for rules.
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Source information for the rules which were applicable to each query, and a warning if none were found to be applicable.
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Query successes and the contents of any variable bindings returned by Oso.
Enabling TRACE output
TRACE logs are viewed by setting an environment variable: POLAR_LOG=trace.
POLAR_LOG=trace exposes a more verbose view of a query execution in Polar and extends the contents of POLAR_LOG=info. The POLAR_LOG=trace traces will emit a log for every Goal encountered by the Polar virtual machine during the query execution. Notable examples include:
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Showing parameter type checking information during query applicability tests.
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Showing values that are bound to variables for each expression.
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Showing values returned from calls into the application.
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All query evaluations; not limited to rules like
POLAR_LOG=info.
Example
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f1db433d640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f1db433d610> TYPE `Repository`)
[oso][info] APPLICABLE_RULES:
[oso][info] allow(actor, action, resource) at line 11, column 5
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: has_permission(_actor_4, _action_5, _resource_6)
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: has_relation(_actor_11, "owner", _repository_12)
[oso][info] RESULT: SUCCESS
True
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f1db433d640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Project object at 0x7f1db433d310> TYPE `UNKNOWN`)
[oso][info] APPLICABLE_RULES:
[oso][info] allow(actor, action, resource) at line 11, column 5
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: has_permission(_actor_26, _action_27, _resource_28)
[oso][info] No matching rules found
False
[oso][trace] Query(allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`))
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`), BINDINGS: {}
[oso][info] APPLICABLE_RULES:
[oso][info] allow(actor, action, resource) at line 11, column 5
[oso][trace] TraceRule(...)
[oso][trace] RULE: allow(actor, action, resource) if has_permission(actor, action, resource);
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Unify(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, _actor_4)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _actor_4 ← <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`
[oso][trace] Unify("view", _action_5)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _action_5 ← "view"
[oso][trace] Unify(<__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`, _resource_6)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _resource_6 ← <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`
[oso][trace] Query(has_permission(_actor_4, _action_5, _resource_6))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Query(has_permission(_actor_4, _action_5, _resource_6))
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: has_permission(_actor_4, _action_5, _resource_6), BINDINGS: {_actor_4 => <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, _action_5 => "view", _resource_6 => <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`}
[oso][trace] APPLICABLE_RULES:
[oso][trace] has_permission(actor: Actor{}, "view", repository: Repository{}) at line 7, column 8
[oso][trace] TraceRule(...)
[oso][trace] RULE: has_permission(actor: Actor{}, "view", repository: Repository{}) if has_relation(actor, "owner", repository);
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Unify(_actor_4, _actor_11)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _actor_4 ← _actor_11
[oso][trace] Isa(_actor_11, Actor{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: _actor_11 matches Actor{}, BINDINGS: {_actor_11 => <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`}
[oso][trace] Isa(_actor_11, User{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: _actor_11 matches User{}, BINDINGS: {_actor_11 => <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`}
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, User{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User` matches User{}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] IsaExternal { instance: Term { source_info: Ffi, value: ExternalInstance(ExternalInstance { instance_id: 14, constructor: None, repr: None, class_repr: Some("User") }) }, literal: InstanceLiteral { tag: Symbol("User"), fields: Dictionary { fields: {} } } }
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _isa_13 ← false
[oso][trace] Unify(_isa_13, true)
[oso][trace] Unify(true, true)
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, {})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User` matches {}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] Unify(_action_5, "view")
[oso][trace] Unify("view", "view")
[oso][trace] Unify(_resource_6, _repository_12)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _resource_6 ← _repository_12
[oso][trace] Isa(_repository_12, Repository{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: _repository_12 matches Repository{}, BINDINGS: {_repository_12 => <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`}
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`, Repository{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository` matches Repository{}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] IsaExternal { instance: Term { source_info: Ffi, value: ExternalInstance(ExternalInstance { instance_id: 15, constructor: None, repr: None, class_repr: Some("Repository") }) }, literal: InstanceLiteral { tag: Symbol("Repository"), fields: Dictionary { fields: {} } } }
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _isa_14 ← false
[oso][trace] Unify(_isa_14, true)
[oso][trace] Unify(true, true)
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`, {})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository` matches {}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] Query(has_relation(_actor_11, "owner", _repository_12))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Query(has_relation(_actor_11, "owner", _repository_12))
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: has_relation(_actor_11, "owner", _repository_12), BINDINGS: {_actor_11 => <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, _repository_12 => <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`}
[oso][trace] APPLICABLE_RULES:
[oso][trace] has_relation(_user: User{}, "owner", _repository: Repository{}) at line 10, column 5
[oso][trace] TraceRule(...)
[oso][trace] RULE: has_relation(_user: User{}, "owner", _repository: Repository{});
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Unify(_actor_11, __user_19)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _actor_11 ← __user_19
[oso][trace] Isa(__user_19, User{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: __user_19 matches User{}, BINDINGS: {__user_19 => <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`}
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, User{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User` matches User{}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] IsaExternal { instance: Term { source_info: Ffi, value: ExternalInstance(ExternalInstance { instance_id: 14, constructor: None, repr: None, class_repr: Some("User") }) }, literal: InstanceLiteral { tag: Symbol("User"), fields: Dictionary { fields: {} } } }
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _isa_21 ← false
[oso][trace] Unify(_isa_21, true)
[oso][trace] Unify(true, true)
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, {})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User` matches {}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] Unify("owner", "owner")
[oso][trace] Unify(_repository_12, __repository_20)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _repository_12 ← __repository_20
[oso][trace] Isa(__repository_20, Repository{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: __repository_20 matches Repository{}, BINDINGS: {__repository_20 => <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`}
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`, Repository{})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository` matches Repository{}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] IsaExternal { instance: Term { source_info: Ffi, value: ExternalInstance(ExternalInstance { instance_id: 15, constructor: None, repr: None, class_repr: Some("Repository") }) }, literal: InstanceLiteral { tag: Symbol("Repository"), fields: Dictionary { fields: {} } } }
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _isa_22 ← false
[oso][trace] Unify(_isa_22, true)
[oso][trace] Unify(true, true)
[oso][trace] Isa(<__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`, {})
[oso][trace] MATCHES: <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository` matches {}, BINDINGS: {}
[oso][trace] Query((true))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] PopQuery((true))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] PopQuery(has_relation(_actor_11, "owner", _repository_12))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] PopQuery(has_relation(_actor_11, "owner", _repository_12))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] PopQuery(has_permission(_actor_4, _action_5, _resource_6))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] PopQuery(has_permission(_actor_4, _action_5, _resource_6))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] TraceStackPop
[oso][trace] PopQuery(allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Repository object at 0x7f0013c99610> TYPE `Repository`))
[oso][info] RESULT: SUCCESS
True
[oso][trace] Query(allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Project object at 0x7f0013c99310> TYPE `UNKNOWN`))
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: allow(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, "view", <__main__.Project object at 0x7f0013c99310> TYPE `UNKNOWN`), BINDINGS: {}
[oso][info] APPLICABLE_RULES:
[oso][info] allow(actor, action, resource) at line 11, column 5
[oso][trace] TraceRule(...)
[oso][trace] RULE: allow(actor, action, resource) if has_permission(actor, action, resource);
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Unify(<__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, _actor_26)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _actor_26 ← <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`
[oso][trace] Unify("view", _action_27)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _action_27 ← "view"
[oso][trace] Unify(<__main__.Project object at 0x7f0013c99310> TYPE `UNKNOWN`, _resource_28)
[oso][trace] ⇒ bind: _resource_28 ← <__main__.Project object at 0x7f0013c99310> TYPE `UNKNOWN`
[oso][trace] Query(has_permission(_actor_26, _action_27, _resource_28))
[oso][trace] TraceStackPush
[oso][trace] Query(has_permission(_actor_26, _action_27, _resource_28))
[oso][info] QUERY RULE: has_permission(_actor_26, _action_27, _resource_28), BINDINGS: {_action_27 => "view", _actor_26 => <__main__.User object at 0x7f0013c99640> TYPE `User`, _resource_28 => <__main__.Project object at 0x7f0013c99310> TYPE `UNKNOWN`}
[oso][info] No matching rules found
False
All POLAR_LOG output can be disabled by setting POLAR_LOG=0 or POLAR_LOG=off.
Set up a 1x1 with an Oso Engineer
Our team is happy to help you get started with Oso. If you'd like to learn more about using Oso in your app or have any questions about this guide, schedule a 1x1 with an Oso engineer.